Although many spellings of the city’s name exist in various sources, I will use this spelling because it conveys the Yiddish vocalization of the word the best

Footnotes

^{Although many spellings of the city’s
name exist in various sources, I will use this spelling because it conveys
the Yiddish vocalization of the word the best. When quoting from original
documents, I will use the spelling provided there.}
^{Fishman, Joshua, ed. "Attracting a Following
to High-Culture Functions for a Language of Everyday Life: The Role of
the Tshernovits Language Conference in the ‘Rise of Yiddish.’" by Joshua
Fishman in Never Say Die! A thousand Years of Yiddish in Jewish Life and
Letters. (New York: Mouton Publishers, 1981), p. 375.}
^{Goldsmith, Emanuel S. Modern Yiddish
Culture: The Story of the Yiddish Language Movement. (New York: Shapolsky
Publishers, 1987), p. 183.}
^{I. L. Peretz. "Speech at the 1908 Czernowitz
Language Conference," Selected works of I. L. Peretz. Edited by Marvin
Zuckerman and Marion Herbst. (Pangloss Press, 1996), p. 386}
^{Gold, Ruth Glasberg. Ruth’s Journey:
A Survivor’s Memoir. (Tampa: University Press of Florida, 1996), p. 18.}
^{Pearl Fichman, interview by the author,
New York, May 8, 1998.}
^{Fichman, Pearl. Before Memories Fade.
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/Places/Czernowitz/Fichman/pf1.html,
May 5, 1998), p. 2}
^{Vaisman, Iosif. Phone interview by the
author. Chapel Hill, NC, May 7, 1998.}
^{Sitwell, Sacheverell. Roumanian Journey.
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 85.}
^{DeVitte, Elizaveta. Puteviya Vpechatleniya
s istoricheskimi ocherkami, Leto 1903 g., Bukovina i Galichina. [Impressions
from the road with historical essays, Summer 1903, Bukovina and Galicia.]
(translated by the author). (Bridgeport: Carpatho-Russian Literary Association,
1977), p. 18.}
^{Ms. DeVitte would be happy to learn
that in the Soviet times, it was virtually impossible for Jews to gain
admission to the Chernowitz University.}
^{Chalfen, Israel. Paul Celan, a Biography
of His Youth. (New York: Persea Books, 1991), p. 12.}
^{Fichman Pearl. Interview by the author.
(New York, May 8, 1998)}
^{Rabinovitch, Eddie. Interview by the
author. (Upper Saddle River, NJ, April 13, 1998)}
^{Fishman. Never Say Die! pp. 376-7.}
^{Goldsmith, Modern Yiddish Culture,
p. 110.}
^{Fishman,, Ideology, Society, and Language.
p. 42.}
^{Goldsmith, p. 167.}
^{Ibid., p. 168}
^{Goldsmith, p. 123.}
^{Peretz, Itzkhok Leybush. "Education,"
Selected works of I. L. Peretz. Edited by Marvin Zuckerman and Marion Herbst.
p. 348.}
^{Wisse, Ruth R. I. L Peretz and the
Making of Modern Jewish Culture. (Seattle: University of Washington Press,
1991), p. 95.}
^{Goldsmith, p. 142.}
^{Ibid., p. 158.}
^{Ibid., p. 214.}
^{Ibid., p. 216}
^{Yudelson, Larry. "Dylon’s Jewish Writers."
http://www.well.com/user/yudel/Yiddish.html,
May 10, 1998.}
^{Fishman, Never Say Die!, p. 378.}
^{Birnbaum, Nathan. "Opening Address
at the Conference for the Yiddish Language." In Ideology, Society, and
Language: The Odyssey of Nathan Birnbaum. Fishman, Joshua A. (Ann Arbor:
Karoma Publishers, Inc., 1987), pp. 191-5}
^{Peretz, p. 386.}
^{Ibid., p. 384.}
^{Goldsmith, pp. 200-3}
^{Katz, Dovid. "On Yiddish, in Yiddish,
and for Yiddish: 500 Years of Yiddish Scholarship" in Identity and Ethos:
A Festschrift for Sol Liptzin on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday. Edited
by Mark H. Gelber. (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1986), p. 33.}
^{King, Robert D. "Matisyohu Mieses."
History of Yiddish Studies, Winter Studies in Yiddish Volume 3: Papers
from the Third Annual Oxford Winter Symposium in Yiddish Language and Literature,
13-15 December 1987. Edited by Dov-Ber Kerler. (Philadelphia: Harwood Academic
Publishers, 1991), p. 29.}
^{Fishman, Joshua. "The Tshernovits Conference
revisited: The First World Conference for Yiddish, 85 years later" in The
Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The ‘First Congress’ Phenomenon. Edited
by Joshua A. Fishman. (New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1993), p. 325}
^{Weinreich, Max. History of the Yiddish
Language Translated by Shlomo Noble with the assistance of Joshua A. Fishman.
(Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 290}
^{Birnbaum, Nathan. "Contra Zionism."
In The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History. Edited by Paul Mendes-Flohr
and Jehuda Reinharz. 2nd edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995),
p. 570.}
^{Weinreich, Max. History of the Yiddish
Language. Translated by Shlomo Noble with the assistance of Joshua A. Fishman.
(Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 294.}
^{"Czernowitz Conference of the Yiddish
Language." In The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History. 2nd Edition.
Compiled and edited by Paul Mendes-Flohr and Jehuda Reinharz. (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 424-5.}
^{Fishman, The First World Conference
for Yiddish, p. 328.}
^{Virtual Shtetl: http://sunsite.unc.edu/yiddish/}